Popeza kusintha kwatsopano kwa ukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi kwayamba, makampani azachipatala asintha kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, chifukwa cha ukalamba padziko lonse lapansi komanso kufunikira kwa anthu ambiri azachipatala, maloboti azachipatala amatha kukonza bwino ntchito zachipatala ndikuchepetsa vuto la kusakwanira kwa zida zamankhwala, zomwe zakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri ndipo zakhala malo ofufuzira omwe alipo pakali pano.
Lingaliro la maloboti azachipatala
Robot Yachipatala ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasonkhanitsa njira zofananira malinga ndi zosowa za ogwira ntchito zachipatala, kenako chimachita zinthu zinazake ndikusintha zochitazo kukhala kayendetsedwe ka makina ogwirira ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Dziko lathu limayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha maloboti azachipatala. Kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti azachipatala zimathandiza kwambiri pochepetsa ukalamba wa dziko lathu komanso kufunikira kwa anthu opeza chithandizo chamankhwala chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kwa boma, lomwe likulimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha maloboti azachipatala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukweza mulingo wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo mdziko lathu, kupanga mulingo waukadaulo watsopano, ndikukopa aluso apamwamba asayansi ndi ukadaulo.
Kwa makampani, maloboti azachipatala ndi malo otchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mwayi wopeza maloboti azachipatala ndi waukulu. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha maloboti azachipatala ndi makampani angathandize kwambiri paukadaulo komanso mpikisano pamsika wa makampani.
Kuchokera kwa munthu, maloboti azachipatala amatha kupatsa anthu njira zolondola, zogwira mtima komanso zodziwika bwino zachipatala komanso zaumoyo, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri moyo wa anthu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maloboti azachipatala
Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa ziwerengero za maloboti azachipatala ndi International Federation of Robotics (IFR), maloboti azachipatala akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi otsatirawa malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana:maloboti opangira opaleshoni,maloboti okonzanso zinthu, maloboti othandizira azachipatala ndi maloboti othandizira azachipatala.Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira kuchokera ku Qianzhan Industry Research Institute, mu 2019, maloboti obwezeretsa zinthu anali oyamba pamsika wa maloboti azachipatala ndi 41%, maloboti othandizira azachipatala anali 26%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maloboti othandizira azachipatala ndi maloboti opangira opaleshoni sikunali kosiyana kwambiri, 17% ndi 16% motsatana.
Loboti ya opaleshoni
Maloboti opangira opaleshoni amaphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zamakono zamakono, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mwala wofunika kwambiri pamakampani opanga ma robot. Poyerekeza ndi maloboti ena, maloboti opangira opaleshoni ali ndi mawonekedwe aukadaulo wapamwamba, kulondola kwambiri, komanso mtengo wowonjezera. M'zaka zaposachedwa, maloboti opangira mafupa ndi opaleshoni ya mitsempha a maloboti opangira opaleshoni ali ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino ophatikizana pakati pa makampani ndi mayunivesite, ndipo zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku wasayansi zasinthidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakadali pano, maloboti opangira opaleshoni akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafupa, opaleshoni ya mitsempha, opaleshoni ya mtima, matenda a akazi ndi maopaleshoni ena ku China.
Msika wa maloboti opangira opaleshoni ku China omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri umayendetsedwa ndi maloboti ochokera kunja. Maloboti opangira opaleshoni ku Da Vinci pakadali pano ndi maloboti opanga opaleshoni omwe apambana kwambiri, ndipo akhala mtsogoleri pamsika wa maloboti opangira opaleshoni kuyambira pomwe adavomerezedwa ndi US FDA mu 2000.
Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo, maloboti opangira opaleshoni akutsogolera opaleshoni yosavulaza kwambiri munthawi yatsopano, ndipo msika ukukula mwachangu. Malinga ndi deta ya Trend Force, msika wapadziko lonse wa maloboti opangira opaleshoni akutali unali pafupifupi US$3.8 biliyoni mu 2016, ndipo udzakwera kufika US$9.3 biliyoni mu 2021, ndi chiwonjezeko cha kukula kwa 19.3%.
Loboti yokonzanso zinthu
Chifukwa cha kukalamba komwe kukuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi, kufunikira kwa anthu kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chapamwamba kukukulirakulira mofulumira, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kukupitirira kukula. Robot yokonzanso pakadali pano ndi makina akuluakulu a roboti pamsika wamkati. Gawo lake pamsika lapitirira kwambiri kuposa la maloboti opangira opaleshoni. Mtengo wake waukadaulo ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi maloboti opangira opaleshoni. Malinga ndi ntchito zake, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:maloboti a exoskeletonndimaloboti ophunzitsira anthu okalamba.
Maloboti a anthu opangidwa ndi mafupa amaphatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba monga kuzindikira, kulamulira, chidziwitso, ndi makompyuta am'manja kuti apatse ogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka makina ovalidwa komwe kamathandiza lobotiyo kuti izitha kuthandiza odwala paokha kapena pochita zinthu zolumikizana komanso pothandiza kuyenda.
Robot yophunzitsira za kukonzanso ndi mtundu wa loboti yachipatala yomwe imathandiza odwala pamaphunziro ophunzitsira za kukonzanso msanga. Zogulitsa zake zimaphatikizapo loboti yophunzitsira za kukonzanso miyendo, loboti yophunzitsira za kukonzanso miyendo, njinga ya olumala yanzeru, loboti yophunzitsira zaumoyo yolumikizana, ndi zina zotero. Msika wapamwamba wa maloboti ophunzitsira za kukonzanso m'nyumba umayendetsedwa ndi makampani aku Europe ndi America monga United States ndi Switzerland, ndipo mitengo yake ikadali yokwera.
Loboti yothandiza anthu azachipatala
Poyerekeza ndi ma robot opangira opaleshoni ndi ma robot obwezeretsa, ma robot othandizira azachipatala ali ndi malire ochepa aukadaulo, amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachipatala, ndipo ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, upangiri wa telemedicine, chisamaliro cha odwala, kuyeretsa zipatala, kuthandiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto loyenda pang'ono, kupereka maoda a labotale, ndi zina zotero. Ku China, makampani aukadaulo monga HKUST Xunfei ndi Cheetah Mobile akufufuza mwachangu kafukufuku wa ma robot anzeru othandizira azachipatala.
Loboti yothandizira zachipatala
Maloboti othandizira azachipatala amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kukwaniritsa zosowa zachipatala za anthu omwe ali ndi vuto loyenda pang'ono kapena kulephera kuyenda. Mwachitsanzo, maloboti osamalira ana omwe apangidwa kunja kwa dzikolo akuphatikizapo loboti yaulemu yotchedwa "care-o-bot-3″" ku Germany, ndi "Rober" ndi "Resyone" zomwe zapangidwa ku Japan. Amatha kugwira ntchito zapakhomo, zofanana ndi antchito angapo osamalira ana, komanso amatha kulankhula ndi anthu, kupereka chitonthozo chamaganizo kwa okalamba omwe amakhala okha.
Mwachitsanzo china, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha maloboti ogwirizana m'nyumba makamaka ndi makampani ophunzitsa ana ndi ana. Loyimira ndi "ibotn Children's Companion Robot" yopangidwa ndi Shenzhen Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., yomwe imagwirizanitsa ntchito zitatu zazikulu zosamalira ana, ubwenzi wa ana ndi maphunziro a ana. Zonse pamodzi, kupanga njira imodzi yothetsera ubwenzi wa ana.
Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha makampani opanga ma robot azachipatala ku China
Ukadaulo:Malo ofufuza omwe alipo pakali pano mumakampani opanga ma robot azachipatala ndi awa: kapangidwe ka ma robot okonza, ukadaulo woyendetsa maopaleshoni, ukadaulo wogwirizanitsa machitidwe, ukadaulo wogwirira ntchito ndi opaleshoni yakutali, ndi ukadaulo wophatikiza deta yayikulu pa intaneti yachipatala. Kukula kwamtsogolo ndi ukadaulo wapadera, luntha, kusinthasintha, kuphatikiza ndi kusiyanitsa ma robot. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupitiliza kukonza kulondola, kulowerera pang'ono, chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa ma robot.
Msika:Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la World Health Organization linaneneratu, ukalamba wa anthu aku China udzakhala woopsa kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2050, ndipo 35% ya anthu adzakhala ndi zaka zoposa 60. Maloboti azachipatala amatha kuzindikira bwino zizindikiro za odwala, kuchepetsa zolakwika pakugwira ntchito ndi manja, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito azachipatala, potero kuthetsa vuto la kusakwanira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala cham'nyumba, komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wabwino pamsika. Yang Guangzhong, katswiri wamaphunziro ku Royal Academy of Engineering, amakhulupirira kuti maloboti azachipatala pakadali pano ndi gawo lodalirika kwambiri pamsika wa maloboti am'nyumba. Ponseponse, pansi pa njira ziwiri zopezera ndi kufunikira, maloboti azachipatala aku China adzakhala ndi malo akuluakulu okulira pamsika mtsogolo.
Matalente:Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha maloboti azachipatala chimaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha zamankhwala, sayansi ya makompyuta, sayansi ya deta, biomechanics ndi zina zokhudzana nazo, ndipo kufunikira kwa maluso osiyanasiyana okhala ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana kukuchulukirachulukira. Makoleji ndi mayunivesite ena ayambanso kuwonjezera maphunziro ena ofanana ndi nsanja zofufuzira zasayansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Disembala 2017, Shanghai Transportation University idakhazikitsa Medical Robot Research Institute; mu 2018, Tianjin University idatsogolera popereka maphunziro a "Intelligent Medical Engineering"; Maphunzirowa adavomerezedwa, ndipo China idakhala dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kukhazikitsa maphunziro apadera a digiri yoyamba kuti aphunzitse maluso aukadaulo wokonzanso.
Ndalama:Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, zochitika zokwana 112 zothandizira ndalama zidachitika m'munda wa maloboti azachipatala. Gawo lothandizira ndalama limayang'ana kwambiri kuzungulira gawo la A. Kupatula makampani ochepa omwe ali ndi ndalama zokwana yuan zoposa 100 miliyoni, mapulojekiti ambiri a maloboti azachipatala ali ndi ndalama zokwana yuan 10 miliyoni, ndipo ndalama zolipirira mapulojekiti a angelo zimagawidwa pakati pa yuan 1 miliyoni ndi yuan 10 miliyoni.
Pakadali pano, ku China kuli makampani oyambitsa ma robot azachipatala opitilira 100, ena mwa iwo ndi makampani opanga ma robot a mafakitale kapena zida zamankhwala. Ndipo makampani akuluakulu odziwika bwino monga ZhenFund, IDG Capital, TusHoldings Fund, ndi GGV Capital ayamba kale kuyika ndikufulumizitsa liwiro lawo pantchito ya ma robot azachipatala. Kukula kwa makampani opanga ma robot azachipatala kwabwera ndipo kupitirira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2023